Photos by Peter Lohmander
http://www.Lohmander.com
The objectives of this web page with pictures and links, are the following:
- to show how raw material from the forest may be used as energy raw material
and as raw material in other industrial processes
- to show typical forests in Europe and how they can differ
- to show how forests in Europe can be managed
- to show how forests may serve as protection
- to make you interested in rational forest management
- to make you aware of recent research results
- to serve as a start of a continuous discussion of rational forest management
The forest raw material may be used in many different industrial processes.
Above: France. The forest raw material may be used to produce electricity and district heating.
Link to more pictures from the French bioenergy excursion 2008:
http://www.lohmander.com/NancyPict08/NancyPict08.htm
Above: Sweden. In a saw mill, the forest raw material may be used to produce sawn wood.
Above: Sweden. A liner mill. The forest raw material may be used to produce pulp and paper.
Sometimes we assume that the optimal use of the forest raw material is already determined, once and for all. However, the optimal use of the resource is affected by changes in relevant conditions, such as changing energy prices etc.
Above: Couvet, Switzerland. Professor Dr. Jean-Philippe Schütz, Chairman of Prosilva Europe
http://www.prosilvaeurope.org/
Below: Southern Germany. Wood for energy
Below: Northern Sweden: "GROT" = Branches and tops, forest raw material that is not
demanded by the saw mills or the the pulp mills. GROT is one of the many possible
inputs in the energy industry.
Below: Northern Sweden: Also the stumps may be used for energy.
Below: Northern Sweden: After harvesting.
Below: Northern Sweden: Logs of different dimensions.
Below: Northern Sweden: The forest is sometimes very dense.
Below: Southern Germany. Old forest stands close to open areas may easily be windtrown.
Below: Southern Germany. The forests may have different structures.
In clearings, natural regeneration is sometimes obtained.
Below: Southern Germany. In steep areas, forests sometimes protect cars from rock fall.
The forests may also serve as protection against land slide and avalanches.
Below: France. Gorges du Verdun. In steep areas without forests,
you may need to invest in steel nets to obtain rock fall protection.
Below: Couvet, Switzerland. The memory of a continuous cover forestry developer.
Below: Couvet, Switzerland. Professor Dr. Jean-Philippe Schütz, Chairman of Prosilva Europe.
With continuous cover forestry you can obtain very large timber logs.
Below: Couvet, Switzerland. On the tops of the mountains,
you may find beautiful scenery and cows.
Below: Couvet, Switzerland. In order to increase the biodiversity,
you sometimes have to create large clearings.
Below: Southern Germany. The forests typically consist of a mix of stands.
They are different with respect to age and species.
Below: Northern Sweden. Norway spruce is the dominating species.
Below: France. Gorges du Verdun. Above the tree line.
Forestry in Spain, Andorra and southern France
http://www.lohmander.com/SAF08/SAF08.htm
http://www.Lohmander.com
Some of the latest publications:
Lohmander, P., Adaptive Optimization of Forest Management in a Stochastic World, in Weintraub A. et al (Editors), Handbook of Operations Research in Natural Resources, Springer, Springer Science, International Series in Operations Research and Management Science, New York, USA, pp 525-544, 2007
http://www.amazon.ca/gp/reader/0387718141/ref=sib_dp_pt/701-0734992-1741115#reader-link
Mohammadi, L.S., Lohmander, P., Stumpage Prices in the Iranian Caspian Forests, Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6 (7): 1027-1036, 2007, ISSN 1682-3974, 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information, http://ansijournals.com/ajps/2007/1027-1036.pdf
http://www.Lohmander.com/MoLo2007.pdf
Ekman, S-O., (Interview with Peter Lohmander): Fabriken läggs ner helt i onödan, Gefle Dagblad, 2007-10-30
http://www.gd.se/start.jsp
http://www.gd.se/Article.jsp?article=116927
Lohmander, P., Skapa inte arbetslöshet när industrikapaciteten borde expanderas! (SVT Nyheter, 2007-10-30, 19.10)
http://svt.se/svt/play/video.jsp?a=379740
Lohmander, P., Ökad avverkning skulle kunna rädda Norrsundet, Nordic Paper Journal, 2007-10-30
http://www.papernet.se/iuware.aspx?pageid=395&ssoid=69620
Lohmander, P., Fabriken läggs ned helt i onödan, Skogsindustrierna, 2007-10-31
http://www.skogsindustrierna.org/litiuminformation/site/page.asp?Page=10&IncPage=578&Destination=227&IncPage2=236&Destination2=226&PKNews=5935
Lohmander, P., Norrsundet läggs ner helt i onödan, Nordisk Papper och Massa, 2007-11-01
http://www.branschnyheter.se/article11497.php
Lohmander, P., Lägg inte ned Svensk skogsindustri på grund av virkesbrist, Krönika, Nordisk Papper och Massa 8/2007
http://www.Lohmander.com/kronika_NPM07.pdf
Lohmander, P,. Energy Forum, Stockholm, 6-7 February 2008, Conference program with links to report and software by Peter Lohmander:
http://www.energyforum.com/events/conferences/2008/c802/program.php
http://www.lohmander.com/EF2008/EF2008Lohmander.htm
Lohmander, P., Ekonomiskt rationell dynamisk utveckling för skogen, skogsindustrin och energiindustrin i Sverige (Manuscript 2008-03-03) http://www.Lohmander.com/ERD2008/ERD2008.pdf
Lohmander, P., Ekonomiskt rationell utveckling för skogs- och energisektorn i Sverige, Nordisk Papper och Massa, Nr 3, 2008
Lohmander, P., Mohammadi, S., Optimal Continuous Cover Forest Management in an Uneven-Aged Forest in the North of Iran, Journal of Applied Sciences 8(11), 2008 http://ansijournals.com/jas/2008/1995-2007.pdf
http://www.Lohmander.com/LoMoOCC.pdf
Mohammadi, L.S., Lohmander, P., A game theory approach to the Iranian forest industry raw material market, Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol 6, No1, pp. 59-71, 2008 http://research.guilan.ac.ir/cjes/.papers/969.pdf
http://www.Lohmander.com/MoLoAGTA.pdf
Lohmander, P., (Eng: Peter Lohmander (in white jacket and black tie) explains that the forest growth strongly exceeds the harvest. Lohmander motivates increased harvesting and increased capacity expansion in bioenergy plants and the forest products industry), Swe: Skogsavverkningen kan ökas enligt forskare! (Swedish Television, News, 2008-05-29, 19.15)
http://svt.se/svt/play/video.jsp?a=1158529
Lohmander, P., Guidelines for Economically Rational and Coordinated Dynamic Development of the Forest and Bio Energy Sectors with CO2 constraints, Proceedings from the 16th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Valencia, Spain, 02-06 June, 2008 (In the version in the link, below, an earlier misprint has been corrected. ) http://www.Lohmander.com/Valencia2008.pdf
Lohmander, P., Economically Optimal Joint Strategy for Sustainable Bioenergy and Forest Sectors with CO2 Constraints, European Biomass Forum, Exploring Future Markets, Financing and Technology for Power Generation, CD, Marcus Evans Ltd, Amsterdam, 16th-17th June, 2008 http://www.Lohmander.com/Amsterdam2008.ppt
Lohmander, P., Ekonomiskt rationell utveckling för skogs- och energisektorn, Nordisk Energi, Nr. 4, 2008
Lohmander, P., Optimal resource control model & General continuous time optimal control model of a forest resource, comparative dynamics and CO2 consideration effects, SLU Seminar in Forest Economics, Umea, Sweden, 2008-09-18 http://www.lohmander.com/CM/CMLohmander.ppt
Lohmander, P., Tools for optimal coordination of CCS, power industry capacity expansion and bio energy raw material production and harvesting, 2nd Annual EMISSIONS REDUCTION FORUM: - Establishing Effective CO2, NOx, SOx Mitigation Strategies for the Power Industry, CD, Marcus Evans Ltd, Madrid, Spain, 29th & 30th September 2008 http://www.lohmander.com/Madrid08/Madrid_2008_Lohmander.ppt
Lohmander, P., Optimal CCS, Carbon Capture and Storage, Under Risk, International Seminars in Life Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Thursday 2008-10-16 http://www.lohmander.com/OptCCS/OptCCS.ppt
Lohmander, P., Economic forest production with consideration of the forest and energy industries, E.ON International Bioenergy Conference, Malmo, Sweden, 2008-10-30 http://www.lohmander.com/eon081030/eon081030.ppt
Lohmander, P., Optimal dynamic control of the forest resource with changing energy demand functions and valuation of CO2 storage, UE2008.fr, The European Forest-based Sector: Bio-Responses to Address New Climate and Energy Challenges? Nancy, France, November 6-8, 2008 http://www.lohmander.com/Nancy08/Nancy08.ppt
Earlier and (maybe) later publications:
http://www.lohmander.com/Information/Ref.htm